The Article lists the Reserved Keywords in SQL Server. The identifiers we give to the database objects like column names and table names etc should not use these words. If you want to use them, then you should always use the Delimited format by enclosing them in square brackets [] or double quotation marks ("")
Table of Contents
Reserved Keywords
The following table lists SQL Server reserved keywords. You should avoid using them.
| A | |||
| ADD | ALL | ALTER | AND |
| ANY | AS | ASC | AUTHORIZATION |
| B | |||
| BACKUP | BEGIN | BETWEEN | BREAK |
| BROWSE | BULK | BY | |
| C | |||
| CASCADE | CASE | CHECK | CHECKPOINT |
| CLOSE | CLUSTERED | COALESCE | COLLATE |
| COLUMN | COMMIT | COMPUTE | CONSTRAINT |
| CONTAINS | CONTAINSTABLE | CONTINUE | CONVERT |
| CREATE | CROSS | CURRENT | CURRENT_DATE |
| CURRENT_TIME | CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | CURRENT_USER | CURSOR |
| D | |||
| DATABASE | DBCC | DEALLOCATE | DECLARE |
| DEFAULT | DELETE | DENY | DESC |
| DISK | DISTINCT | DISTRIBUTED | DOUBLE |
| DROP | DUMP | ||
| E | |||
| ELSE | END | ERRLVL | ESCAPE |
| EXCEPT | EXEC | EXECUTE | EXISTS |
| EXIT | EXTERNAL | ||
| F | |||
| FETCH | FILE | FILLFACTOR | FOR |
| FOREIGN | FREETEXT | FREETEXTTABLE | FROM |
| FULL | FUNCTION | ||
| G | |||
| GOTO | GRANT | GROUP | |
| H | |||
| HAVING | HOLDLOCK | ||
| I | |||
| IDENTITY | IDENTITY_INSERT | IDENTITYCOL | IF |
| IN | INDEX | INNER | INSERT |
| INTERSECT | INTO | IS | |
| J | |||
| JOIN | |||
| K | |||
| KEY | KILL | ||
| L | |||
| LEFT | LIKE | LINENO | LOAD |
| M | |||
| MERGE | |||
| N | |||
| NATIONAL | NOCHECK | NONCLUSTERED | NOT |
| NULL | NULLIF | ||
| O | |||
| OF | OFF | OFFSETS | ON |
| OPEN | OPENDATASOURCE | OPENQUERY | OPENROWSET |
| OPENXML | OPTION | OR | ORDER |
| OUTER | OVER | ||
| P | |||
| PERCENT | PIVOT | PLAN | PRECISION |
| PRIMARY | PROC | PROCEDURE | |
| PUBLIC | |||
| R | |||
| RAISERROR | READ | READTEXT | RECONFIGURE |
| REFERENCES | REPLICATION | RESTORE | RESTRICT |
| RETURN | REVERT | REVOKE | RIGHT |
| ROLLBACK | ROWCOUNT | ROWGUIDCOL | RULE |
| S | |||
| SAVE | SCHEMA | SECURITYAUDIT | SELECT |
| SEMANTICKEYPHRASETABLE | SEMANTICSIMILARITYDETAILSTABLE | SEMANTICSIMILARITYTABLE | SESSION_USER |
| SET | SETUSER | SHUTDOWN | SOME |
| STATISTICS | SYSTEM_USER | ||
| T | |||
| TABLE | TABLESAMPLE | TEXTSIZE | THEN |
| TO | TOP | TRAN | TRANSACTION |
| TRIGGER | TRUNCATE | TRY_CONVERT | TSEQUAL |
| U | |||
| UNION | UNIQUE | UNPIVOT | UPDATE |
| UPDATETEXT | USE | USER | |
| V | |||
| VALUES | VARYING | VIEW | |
| W | |||
| WAITFOR | WHEN | WHERE | WHILE |
| WITH | WITHIN GROUP | WRITETEXT | |
Future Keywords
These are the keywords which are you can use as of now. But they may be part of the Reserved Keywords in the future releases of SQL Server
| A | |||
| ABSOLUTE | ACTION | ADMIN | AFTER |
| AGGREGATE | ALIAS | ALLOCATE | ARE |
| ARRAY | ASENSITIVE | ASSERTION | ASYMMETRIC |
| AT | ATOMIC | ||
| B | |||
| BEFORE | BINARY | BIT | BLOB |
| BOOLEAN | BOTH | BREADTH | |
| C | |||
| CALL | CALLED | CARDINALITY | CASCADED |
| CAST | CATALOG | CHAR | CHARACTER |
| CLASS | CLOB | COLLATION | COLLECT |
| COMPLETION | CONDITION | CONNECT | CONNECTION |
| CONSTRAINTS | CONSTRUCTOR | CORR | CORRESPONDING |
| COVAR_POP | COVAR_SAMP | CUBE | CUME_DIST |
| CURRENT_CATALOG | CURRENT_DEFAULT_TRANSFORM_GROUP | CURRENT_PATH | CURRENT_ROLE |
| CURRENT_SCHEMA | CURRENT_TRANSFORM_GROUP_FOR_TYPE | CYCLE | |
| D | |||
| DATA | DATE | DAY | DEC |
| DECIMAL | DEFERRABLE | DEFERRED | DEPTH |
| DEREF | DESCRIBE | DESCRIPTOR | DESTROY |
| DESTRUCTOR | DETERMINISTIC | DICTIONARY | DIAGNOSTICS |
| DISCONNECT | DOMAIN | DYNAMIC | |
| E | |||
| EACH | ELEMENT | END-EXEC | EQUALS |
| EVERY | EXCEPTION | ||
| F | |||
| FALSE | FILTER | FIRST | FLOAT |
| FOUND | FREE | FULLTEXTTABLE | FUSION |
| G | |||
| GENERAL | GET | GLOBAL | GO |
| GROUPING | |||
| H | |||
| HOLD | HOST | HOUR | |
| I | |||
| IGNORE | IMMEDIATE | INDICATOR | INITIALIZE |
| INITIALLY | INOUT | INPUT | INT |
| INTEGER | INTERSECTION | INTERVAL | ISOLATION |
| ITERATE | |||
| L | |||
| LANGUAGE | LARGE | LAST | LATERAL |
| LEADING | LESS | LEVEL | LIKE_REGEX |
| LIMIT | LN | LOCAL | LOCALTIME |
| LOCALTIMESTAMP | LOCATOR | ||
| M | |||
| MAP | MATCH | MEMBER | METHOD |
| MINUTE | MOD | MODIFIES | MODIFY |
| MODULE | MONTH | MULTISET | |
| N | |||
| NAMES | NATURAL | NCHAR | NCLOB |
| NEW | NEXT | NO | NONE |
| NORMALIZE | NUMERIC | ||
| O | |||
| OBJECT | OCCURRENCES_REGEX | OLD | ONLY |
| OPERATION | ORDINALITY | OUT | OVERLAY |
| OUTPUT | |||
| P | |||
| PAD | PARAMETER | PARAMETERS | PARTIAL |
| PARTITION | PATH | POSTFIX | PREFIX |
| PREORDER | PREPARE | PERCENT_RANK | PERCENTILE_CONT |
| PERCENTILE_DISC | POSITION_REGEX | PRESERVE | PRIOR |
| PRIVILEGES | |||
| R | |||
| RANGE | READS | REAL | RECURSIVE |
| REF | REFERENCING | REGR_AVGX | REGR_AVGY |
| REGR_COUNT | REGR_INTERCEPT | REGR_R2 | REGR_SLOPE |
| REGR_SXX | REGR_SXY | REGR_SYY | RELATIVE |
| RELEASE | RESULT | RETURNS | ROLE |
| ROLLUP | ROUTINE | ROW | ROWS |
| S | |||
| SAVEPOINT | SCROLL | SCOPE | SEARCH |
| SECOND | SECTION | SENSITIVE | SEQUENCE |
| SESSION | SETS | SIMILAR | SIZE |
| SMALLINT | SPACE | SPECIFIC | SPECIFICTYPE |
| SQL | SQLEXCEPTION | SQLSTATE | SQLWARNING |
| START | STATE | STATEMENT | STATIC |
| STDDEV_POP | STDDEV_SAMP | STRUCTURE | SUBMULTISET |
| SUBSTRING_REGEX | SYMMETRIC | SYSTEM | |
| T | |||
| TEMPORARY | TERMINATE | THAN | TIME |
| TIMESTAMP | TIMEZONE_HOUR | TIMEZONE_MINUTE | TRAILING |
| TRANSLATE_REGEX | TRANSLATION | TREAT | TRUE |
| U | |||
| UESCAPE | UNDER | UNKNOWN | UNNEST |
| USAGE | USING | ||
| V | |||
| VALUE | VAR_POP | VAR_SAMP | VARCHAR |
| VARIABLE | |||
| W | |||
| WHENEVER | WIDTH_BUCKET | WITHOUT | WINDOW |
| WITHIN | WORK | WRITE | |
| X | |||
| XMLAGG | XMLATTRIBUTES | XMLBINARY | XMLCAST |
| XMLCOMMENT | XMLCONCAT | XMLDOCUMENT | XMLELEMENT |
| XMLEXISTS | XMLFOREST | XMLITERATE | XMLNAMESPACES |
| XMLPARSE | XMLPI | XMLQUERY | XMLSERIALIZE |
| XMLTABLE | XMLTEXT | XMLVALIDATE | |
| Y | |||
| YEAR | |||
| Z | |||
| ZONE | |||
ODBC Reserved Keywords
These are reserved Keywords from the ODBC function calls. You can use it, but it is better to avoid them as they may be incompatible when using the the ODBC Drivers
| ABSOLUTE | ACTION | ADA | ADD |
| ALL | ALLOCATE | ALTER | AND |
| ANY | ARE | AS | ASC |
| ASSERTION | AT | AUTHORIZATION | AVG |
| BEGIN | BETWEEN | BIT | BIT_LENGTH |
| BOTH | BY | ||
| CASCADE | CASCADED | CASE | CAST |
| CATALOG | CHAR | CHAR_LENGTH | CHARACTER |
| CHARACTER_LENGTH | CHECK | CLOSE | COALESCE |
| COLLATE | COLLATION | COLUMN | COMMIT |
| CONNECT | CONNECTION | CONSTRAINT | CONSTRAINTS |
| CONTINUE | CONVERT | CORRESPONDING | COUNT |
| CREATE | CROSS | CURRENT | CURRENT_DATE |
| CURRENT_TIME | CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | CURRENT_USER | CURSOR |
| DATE | DAY | DEALLOCATE | DEC |
| DECIMAL | DECLARE | DEFAULT | DEFERRABLE |
| DEFERRED | DELETE | DESC | DESCRIBE |
| DESCRIPTOR | DIAGNOSTICS | DISCONNECT | DISTINCT |
| DOMAIN | DOUBLE | DROP | |
| ELSE | END | END-EXEC | ESCAPE |
| EXCEPT | EXCEPTION | EXEC | EXECUTE |
| EXISTS | EXTERNAL | EXTRACT | |
| FALSE | FETCH | FIRST | FLOAT |
| FOR | FOREIGN | FORTRAN | FOUND |
| FROM | FULL | ||
| GET | GLOBAL | GO | GOTO |
| GRANT | GROUP | ||
| HAVING | HOUR | ||
| IDENTITY | IMMEDIATE | IN | INCLUDE |
| INDEX | INDICATOR | INITIALLY | INNER |
| INPUT | INSENSITIVE | INSERT | INT |
| INTEGER | INTERSECT | INTERVAL | INTO |
| IS | ISOLATION | ||
| JOIN | |||
| KEY | |||
| LANGUAGE | LAST | LEADING | LEFT |
| LEVEL | LIKE | LOCAL | LOWER |
| MATCH | MAX | MIN | MINUTE |
| MODULE | MONTH | ||
| NAMES | NATIONAL | NATURAL | NCHAR |
| NEXT | NO | NONE | NOT |
| NULL | NULLIF | NUMERIC | |
| OCTET_LENGTH | OF | ON | ONLY |
| OPEN | OPTION | OR | ORDER |
| OUTER | OUTPUT | OVERLAPS | |
| PAD | PARTIAL | PASCAL | POSITION |
| PRECISION | PREPARE | PRESERVE | PRIMARY |
| PRIOR | PRIVILEGES | PROCEDURE | PUBLIC |
| READ | REAL | REFERENCES | RELATIVE |
| RESTRICT | REVOKE | RIGHT | ROLLBACK |
| ROWS | |||
| SCHEMA | SCROLL | SECOND | SECTION |
| SELECT | SESSION | SESSION_USER | SET |
| SIZE | SMALLINT | SOME | SPACE |
| SQL | SQLCA | SQLCODE | SQLERROR |
| SQLSTATE | SQLWARNING | SUBSTRING | SUM |
| SYSTEM_USER | |||
| TABLE | TEMPORARY | THEN | TIME |
| TIMESTAMP | TIMEZONE_HOUR | TIMEZONE_MINUTE | TO |
| TRAILING | TRANSACTION | TRANSLATE | TRANSLATION |
| TRIM | TRUE | ||
| UNION | UNIQUE | UNKNOWN | UPDATE |
| UPPER | USAGE | USER | USING |
| VALUE | VALUES | VARCHAR | VARYING |
| VIEW | |||
| WHEN | WHENEVER | WHERE | WITH |
| WORK | WRITE | ||
| YEAR | |||
| ZONE | |||
References
Transact-SQL Reserved Keywords
Read More
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